Cultural Relationship with Gender, Ethnic and Language

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER AND CULTURE: 

Gender refers to the roles and responsibilities of women and men who are determined by the community. The concept also refers to the existence of gender expectations about attitudes, behaviors of women and men that are tailored to their roles and responsibilities (femininity and masculinity). Various roles and expectations are learned, are subject to change at any time, and vary both within and between cultures. Gender-Based Analysis Policy shows how women's subordination is socially constructed. Therefore, the opposite of a biologically determined differences that are static, gender can be changed / altered. 
Exemplarily: Television Advertising

Gender stratification in any society requires:
(1) Individual socialization into traditional gender roles within the family
(2) Promotion and support of these traditional roles by other social institutions
Every society has men and women who resist and successfully oppose stereotypes

Sexism and Sex Discrimination
Sexism: ideology that one sex is superior to the other
- Generally used to refer to male prejudice and discrimination against women
- U.S. society run by male-dominated institutions



CULTURAL AND ETHNIC RELATIONS:


Natural selection “is the process by which nature selects the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment.” Variation in skin color is determined by the amount of melanin in the skin cells, which is genetically determined. Prior to the sixteenth century, darker skinned populations were closest to the equator, while lighter skinned populations were closer to the poles.

Culture and ethnicity are two things that are very closely related , ill be separated from each other , because each community has a habit called culture and every culture definitely has a certain ethnicity as a set of characteristics of the culture. As an example of a multicultural culture: the culture of each Chinese New Year Lion Dance from Chinese Ethnic or Cultural Harakiri to admit his mistake and die in a state of ethnic Japanese respectable antiquity.

The distribution of human skin color before A.D. 1400 and the average amount of ultraviolet radiation in watt-seconds per square kilometer.

Light skin in the tropics is selected against because it burns more easily, thus subjecting light-skinned individuals to a greater likelihood of infection and disease. Sunburn impairs the body's ability to withstand heat by reducing the skin’s ability to sweat. Light skin is more susceptible to skin cancer. The effect of sunlight on vitamin D formation indicates how dark skin might have been selected for in tropical environments (protection against hypervitaminosis D), and against in lower-sunlight environments (protection against rickets).  It further indicates how light skin might have been selected for in low-sunlight environments, and against in the tropics.

Apart from all forms of ethnic and cultural uniqueness , we return to the philosophy of life that sees humans as whole beings living creatures interdependence and synergy adapting all the differences between them into one shared principles , rules , customs and other positive behaviors. Cultural and ethnic essence embraced by each one of us is a perfect description to assess the behavior of certain individuals and groups of people. Certainly from our standpoint Psychological assess ethnic and culture as a whole entity that is capable of forming each person according to the culture or ethnic mascots that embrace the individual.

Ethnic groups are formed around virtually the same features as cultures: common beliefs, values, customs, history, and the like. Ethnicity entails identification with a given ethnic group, but it also involves the maintenance of a distinction from other groups. Status refers to any position in a society which can be filled by individual. Ascribed status is status into which people enter automatically without choice, usually at birth or through some other universal event in the life cycle. Achieved status is status that people acquire through their own actions.

CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH LANGUAGE:

A family tree of the Indo-European languages.

Teaching language is often separated from the teaching of culture (culture ) , and some even assume that the language has nothing to do with culture . It is recognized that it is important to understand the cultural language learners , but teaching is often separate from language teaching . Joan Kelly Hall (2002 ) states that Definition communicative ability ( communicative competence) , for example , is considering the cultural aspects of language learning with more emphasis on the use of language , but the language implementation is still regarded as one homogeneous system separate from the interaction of speakers in everyday life - day.

Language is the result of a culture of a complex society and active . Said complex language because it is stored in the collective thoughts and all things that are owned by a community . Language as a language said to be active constantly changing in accordance with the development of society . Because of the nature , language is the most important aspect in the study of the life and culture of a society . Koentjaraningrat in his book Sociolinguistics (1985 ) , language is part of culture . That is , the position of the language are in a subordinate position under culture , but very related . However , some other opinion says that the relationship between language and culture is a coordinative relations , equal and equally high position.


Language as a communication system or subsystem is a part of the culture system , even from the core culture . Languages ​​involved in all aspects of the culture , at least by way of having a name or term of the elements of all aspects of the culture. More importantly, human culture would not have been possible without language because of language factors that determine the formation of culture.

Thus we should be able to communicate to position themselves with respect to some language use depending on the situation, ie whether it is public or private situation, formal or informal, with whom we talked, and who might be listening that message communication is established ato not be misguided.

reference: http://www.koalisiperempuan.or.id/hubungan-antara-gender-dan-budaya/
               http://ryaniesurya.blogspot.com/2011/01/antara-hubungan-etnisbudaya-dan.html
               http://bahasa.kompasiana.com/2013/10/03/mengenal-budaya-melalui-bahasa-597142.html
               Slide Binus Maya, Human Diversities 1: Language, Gender, Ethnicity, and Culture